Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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In a solid, the particles
A. | overcome the strong attraction between them. | B. | vibrate in
place. | C. | slide past one another. | D. | move independently of one
another. |
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2.
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Crystalline solids
A. | include glass and rubber. | B. | may also be liquids. | C. | have particles that
are not in a special arrangement. | D. | have particles in a repeating pattern of
rows. |
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3.
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A gas
A. | has a definite volume but no definite shape. | B. | has a definite shape
but no definite volume. | C. | has fast-moving particles. | D. | has particles that
are always close together. |
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4.
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At higher temperatures,
A. | particles in an object move faster. | C. | a gas
contracts. | B. | gas particles bump into walls less often. | D. | particles in an object have less
energy. |
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5.
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How does a basketball under high pressure compare to a basketball under low
pressure?
A. | The particles of gas are farther apart. | B. | The particles of gas
collide only with each other. | C. | The force exerted on the inside of the ball is
lower. | D. | There are more particles of gas. |
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6.
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Boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas
A. | at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely related to
pressure. | B. | at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is directly related to
pressure. | C. | at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly related to
temperature. | D. | at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is inversely related to
temperature. |
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7.
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According to Charles’s law,
A. | decreasing the temperature of a gas causes the pressure on the molecules to
decrease. | B. | decreasing the temperature of a gas causes the volume of a gas to
increase. | C. | increasing the temperature of a gas causes the volume of a gas to
increase. | D. | increasing the temperature of a gas causes the pressure on the molecules to
increase. |
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8.
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Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a
fixed amount of
A. | a solid. | C. | a gas. | B. | a liquid. | D. | any type of
matter. |
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9.
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Which of these factors could affect the temperature at which water boils?
A. | the volume of water in the pot | B. | the atmospheric pressure at which the water is
heated | C. | the amount of energy added to the water | D. | the type of fuel
used to heat the water |
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10.
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How do the particles of water that evaporate from an open container differ from
the particles that remain?
A. | The evaporated particles only have more speed. | B. | The evaporated
particles have greater order. | C. | The evaporated particles only have higher
energy. | D. | The evaporated particles have more speed and higher
energy. |
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11.
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Which of the following occurs when a liquid becomes a gas?
A. | The particles give off energy. | B. | The particles break away from one
another. | C. | The particles move closer together. | D. | The particles slow
down. |
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12.
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The melting point of salt is the same as its
A. | boiling point. | B. | condensation
point. d. sublimation
point. | C. | freezing point. |
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13.
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A graph that shows the change in temperature of a substance as it is heated will
show
A. | a straight line as the substance melts. | C. | a rising line as the substance
melts. | B. | a straight line as the substance freezes. | D. | a falling line as the substance
melts. |
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14.
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Hydraulic (liquid) systems, such as the brakes on an automobile, pass on forces
because liquids tend to maintain a constant
A. | volume. | C. | surface tension. | B. | pressure. | D. | viscosity. |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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15.
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A liquid’s resistance to flow is called ____________________.
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16.
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The shape and volume of matter in the ____________________ state do not
change.
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17.
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The energy needed to change a liquid to a gas is the
_________________________.
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18.
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The energy needed to change a solid to a liquid is the
_________________________.
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Short Answer
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19.
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What is the relationship between the volume and the pressure of a gas when the
temperature is held constant?
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Use the image below to answer the following
questions.
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20.
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Which letters on the graph represent the three states of matter: gas, solid, and
liquid?
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21.
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Which letters on the graph represent the changes of state of condensation and
freezing?
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Figure
16-1
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22.
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Use Figure 16-1 to solve the following problem. A car with a weight of 16,170 N
is placed on piston B of a hydraulic lift. Piston B has a surface area of 5,005 cm2, and
piston A has an area of 65 cm2. What force must be applied to piston A to lift the
car?
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23.
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A 210-N force is applied to the top of a piston, and the force produces 320 kPa
of pressure. What is the area of the piston?
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. A. | states of matter | F. | gas | B. | viscosity | G. | temperature | C. | solid | H. | volume | D. | liquid | I. | pressure | E. | surface
tension | J. | change of
state |
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24.
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It can be determined by measuring the speed of molecules.
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25.
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This happens when tomato soup boils.
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26.
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Ice, water, and steam are all examples.
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27.
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This is a state of matter in which atoms and molecules are close together but
can slide past each other.
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28.
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It has no definite volume.
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29.
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It may be either crystalline or amorphous.
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30.
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It increases when the amount of force per unit area increases.
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31.
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This force acts on the particles of milk at the surface of a glass of
milk.
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32.
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This can only be measured in three dimensions.
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33.
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This property of liquids is affected by the strength of the attraction between
the molecules.
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True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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34.
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Changing the temperature of a gas has no effect on the volume of the gas.
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35.
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Pressure in a gas-filled container is caused by gas particles hitting the walls
of the container.
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