Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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 Figure
3-1
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1.
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As shown in Figure 3-1, crystals may be ____.
a. | cubic | c. | tetragonal | b. | monoclinic | d. | all of these |
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2.
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A quartz crystal is ____ in shape.
a. | cubic | c. | tetragonal | b. | hexagonal | d. | monoclinic |
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3.
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As magma cools, its ____ combine into compounds that form a crystal structure,
and it becomes a mineral.
a. | atoms | c. | electrons | b. | elements | d. | none of the
above |
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4.
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Minerals are comprised of one or more ____.
a. | colors | c. | rocks | b. | elements | d. | structures |
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5.
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A mineral is classified as an ore as long as ____.
a. | it is rare and valuable | c. | it is profitable and
useful | b. | it can be used as jewelry | d. | it is solid and natural |
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6.
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A collector of minerals would want a sample of ____.
a. | salt | c. | sugar | b. | coal | d. | wood |
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7.
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The largest group of rock-forming minerals consists of the ____.
a. | quartzes | c. | silicates | b. | halides | d. | oxides |
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8.
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One of the softest minerals is ____.
a. | topaz | c. | talc | b. | quartz | d. | amethyst |
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9.
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All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT that of ____.
a. | being formed by natural processes | b. | being formed from living
organisms | c. | being solids | d. | having the atoms within the mineral arranged in
a pattern |
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10.
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All minerals share ____ basic characteristics.
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11.
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The hardness of quartz is 7. This indicates that quartz will scratch all of the
following minerals EXCEPT ____.
a. | talc | c. | topaz | b. | apatite | d. | calcite |
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12.
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Muscovite mica will peel off in flat sheets. This is an example of the physical
characteristic called ____.
a. | hardness | c. | fracture | b. | streak | d. | cleavage |
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13.
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Calcite will scratch gypsum. This is an example of the physical characteristics
called ____.
a. | hardness | c. | fracture | b. | streak | d. | cleavage |
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14.
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The properties of being ____ make a diamond a gemstone.
a. | rare and beautiful | c. | easy to obtain and beautiful | b. | useful and
profitable | d. | rare and
profitable |
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15.
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If the cost of separating a mineral from waste rock becomes too great, the
mineral may no longer be classified as an ore. This happens because ____.
a. | the mineral can no longer be mined at a profit | b. | the mineral has lost
its usefulness | c. | the demand for the mineral has decreased | d. | none of the
above |
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16.
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A mineral is no longer classified as an ore once it is no longer ____.
a. | useful | c. | obtainable at reasonable cost | b. | profitable | d. | all of the above |
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct statement below. a. | atoms | g. | ilmenite and rutile | b. | color | h. | magma | c. | solid | i. | crystals | d. | usefulness and
profitability | j. | beauty and
rarity | e. | lightweight and durable | k. | luster | f. | identify |
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17.
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A mineral is an inorganic ____________________ with a unique crystal
structure.
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18.
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Some minerals are formed when ____________________ cools.
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19.
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The term crystal system refers to the patterns that ____________________
form in a crystal.
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20.
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When liquid evaporates, atoms of any dissolved minerals stay behind and form
____________________.
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21.
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____________________ alone usually is not enough to identify a mineral.
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22.
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Tests for hardness and streak help ____________________ minerals.
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23.
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Two types of ____________________ are metallic and nonmetallic.
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24.
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Titanium is useful because it is ____________________.
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25.
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Two minerals that are ores of titanium are ____________________.
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26.
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Qualities of a stone that make it a gemstone are ____________________.
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27.
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Qualities of a mineral that classify it as an ore are
____________________.
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Match each term with the correct description below. a. | luster | e. | color | b. | cleavage | f. | streak | c. | ores | g. | fracture | d. | hardness |
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28.
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color of a powdered mineral
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29.
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a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
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30.
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the tendency of a mineral to break along a smooth, flat surface
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31.
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how light is reflected from a mineral
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32.
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the distinctive yellow of sulfur
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33.
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minerals mined because they contain useful substances
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34.
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the tendency of minerals to break with rough or jagged surfaces
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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 Figure
3-2
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35.
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According to Figure 3-2, ____________________ is the most common element in
Earth’s crust.
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36.
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Figure 3-2 shows that together, oxygen and silicon make up ____________________
percent of Earth’s crust.
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37.
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Based on Figure 3-2, you can infer that the most common rock-forming minerals
are ____________________.
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38.
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Although 90 elements occur naturally in Earth’s crust, Figure 3-2 shows
that 98 percent of the crust is made up of only ____________________ elements.
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39.
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____________________ percent of the Earth's crust is made up of
calcium.
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Short Answer
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40.
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What determines the type of crystal structure in a mineral?
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41.
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Describe how streak is used to distinguish between gold and pyrite.
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42.
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How would a collector of minerals determine the hardness of an unknown mineral
specimen?
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