Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Most earthquakes happen at the edges of
A. | tectonic plates. | C. | earthquake zones. | B. | elastic deformations. | D. | shear waves. |
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2.
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A break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one
another is
A. | a plate. | C. | a fault. | B. | a deformation. | D. | an earthquake. |
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3.
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What is the simplest method used to find an earthquake’s epicenter?
A. | the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | C. | the S-P time
method | B. | the ground motion method | D. | the Richter method |
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4.
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Another word for an earthquake’s strength is its
A. | magnitude. | C. | epicenter. | B. | intensity. | D. | focus. |
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5.
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What is the best thing to do if you are inside when an earthquake begins?
A. | Drive away in your car. | C. | Run outside. | B. | Crouch under a table
or desk. | D. | Store food and
water. |
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6.
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What kind of deformation leads to earthquakes?
A. | plastic deformation | C. | convergent deformation | B. | elastic
deformation | D. | shear
deformation |
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7.
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The waves of energy from earthquakes that travel through Earth are called
A. | earthquake waves. | C. | gap waves. | B. | transform waves | D. | seismic waves. |
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8.
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The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on Earth’s surface
A. | directly below the focus. | C. | above the seismic
gap. | B. | directly above the earthquake’s focus. | D. | where the damage is
lightest. |
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9.
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What scale is used to measure the strength of an earthquake?
A. | seismogram | C. | Richter magnitude | B. | gap hypothesis | D. | Modified Mercalli
Intensity |
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10.
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Which seismic waves do the greatest damage?
A. | surface waves | C. | P waves | B. | S waves | D. | body waves |
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11.
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What is the science in which earthquakes are studied called?
A. | earthquake science | C. | seismology | B. | tectonics | D. | wave science |
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12.
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What do seismologists use to determine when an earthquake started?
A. | an epicenter | C. | a focus | B. | a seismogram | D. | an intensity
scale |
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13.
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What do seismologists use to measure earthquake strength?
A. | Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | C. | Richter magnitude
scale | B. | S-P Time Scale | D. | Earthquake Zone Scale |
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14.
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What is the degree to which people feel an earthquake and how much damage it
causes called?
A. | intensity | C. | magnitude | B. | richter | D. | frequency |
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15.
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When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called
____.
A. | faults | C. | strains | B. | earthquakes | D. | stresses |
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16.
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Once the elastic limit of rocks is passed, they break and move along surfaces
called ____.
A. | faults | C. | strains | B. | earthquakes | D. | stresses |
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17.
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Most earthquakes happen ____.
A. | without warning | B. | in areas where earthquakes have occurred in the
past | C. | along plate boundaries | D. | all of the
above |
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18.
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Scientists discovered changes in Earth's interior by studying ____.
A. | tsunamis | C. | changes in seismic waves | B. | tides | D. | all
of the above |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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19.
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When stress increases along faults, rock ____________________ occurs, which in
turn can lead to earthquakes.
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20.
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The magnitude of an earthquake means its ____________________.
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Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences
below.
| seismograph | elastic rebound | | epicenter
| seismic waves | | seismogram | seismic gaps | | P waves | focus | | deformation | | | |
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21.
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The instrument used to record earthquakes is a(n) ____________________.
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22.
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The point at which an earthquake begins, called the ____________________, is
located along a fault.
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Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences
below.
| surface waves | P waves | | S waves | body waves | | |
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23.
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The waves that often travel ahead of other waves are
____________________.
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24.
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Waves that stretch rock sideways are called ____________________.
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25.
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The most destructive seismic waves are ____________________.
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct description below. A. | P waves | F. | seismographs | B. | S waves | G. | mantle | C. | seismic sea
waves | H. | seismograms | D. | surface waves | I. | crust | E. | seismologists | J. | magnitude |
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26.
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tsunamis
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27.
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people who study earthquakes and seismic waves
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28.
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paper record of a seismic event
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29.
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largest layer of Earth
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30.
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secondary waves
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31.
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waves that travel outward from the epicenter
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32.
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primary waves
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33.
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amount of energy an earthquake releases
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34.
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instruments that record seismic activity
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35.
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outermost layer of Earth
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Problem
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 Figure
11-1
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36.
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According to Figure 11-1, what is the difference in seismic waves arrival time
if the epicenter is 5,000 km away?
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37.
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Using Figure 11-1, how far away is the epicenter if the difference in seismic
wave arrival times is 7 minutes?
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